Federal Defenders of New York Second Circuit Blog

United States v. Ullah, No. 21-1058 (2d Cir. Apr. 21, 2026) (Pérez, J., joined by Rakoff, J., sitting by designation; Menashi, J., dissenting)

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The Second Circuit reversed a material support conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 2339B where a lone-wolf attacker discharged an explosive after consuming ISIS propaganda online, adopting ISIS slogans, and telling investigators he acted “on behalf of the Islamic State” – but having no actual connection to or relationship with ISIS. On this evidence, the majority … Read more

Circuit Considers, Once Again, an Electronic Search Condition . . .

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This week in United States v. Jimenez, No. 24-1661 (2d Cir. Feb. 25, 2026) (Pérez, J.), the Circuit affirmed a 105-month sentence and three special conditions of supervised release. Although Jimenez (represented by this Office) did not prevail, the opinion contains significant pro-defense language useful for objecting to or challenging electronic search conditions. I. The … Read more

Objecting to evidence does not preserve the objection, according to the Second Circuit

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In United States v. Stephen Buyer, No. 23-7202 (2d Cir. Mar. 19, 2025), the Second Circuit upholds the defendant’s trial convictions for securities fraud. This is a dense summary order, but let’s start with the ruling that jumps out. At trial, defendant objected to admission of a Cellebrite forensic cellphone report. The analyst who actually … Read more

Supreme Court takes Second Circuit case to decide if defendants can be constitutionally punished under both § 924(c) and § 924(j)

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The Supreme Court has granted certiorari in Barrett v. United States, No. 24-5774, to decide if the Double Jeopardy Clause permits a court to impose separate sentences for an act that violates both 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) and § 924(j). The petition is available here. Section 924(c)(1)(A) is violated if someone, “during and in relation … Read more

Circuit overturns Nassau County Executive’s bribery convictions, but affirms his honest-services fraud convictions

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In United States v. Linda Mangano and Edward Mangano, 2d Cir. No. 22-861 (L) (Feb. 13, 2025), the Court upheld the defendants’ convictions for honest-services fraud and obstruction of justice, but vacates Edward Mangano’s bribery-related convictions. We focus on that aspect of Judge Livingston’s thorough opinion. Edward Mangano was the County Executive of Nassau County … Read more

Panel affirms R. Kelly’s RICO and Mann Act convictions and 30-year prison sentence; Judge Sullivan objects to “windfall” restitution of brand-name medication for herpes-infected victim.

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Judge Chin’s opinion in United-States-v.-Robert-Sylvester-Kelly, 2d Cir. No. 22-1481 (L) (Feb. 12, 2025), joined almost entirely by Judges Carney and Sullivan, affirms the singer R. Kelly’s conviction for RICO and Mann Act offenses, as well as his 30-year prison sentence and a restitution award of $300,668 to “Jane,” a minor whom Kelly infected with herpes … Read more

Circuit Holds a Search is Not a “Search”

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Per the Second Circuit’s ruling today in United-States-v.-Poller (Parker, Bianco, Nardini), police may use a smartphone’s camera application to search inside a car with tinted windows without getting a warrant. Officers in Waterbury, CT, observed Christopher Poller possibly dealing drugs from his car.  After he left the car, they approached and tried to open a door … Read more

Second Circuit: 18 U.S.C. § 1546(a) Prohibits the Possession of Authentic Immigration Documents Obtained by Fraud, Not Just the Possession of Counterfeit Documents.

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In United States v. Greenberg, Nos. 23-7168 and 23-7249 (2d Cir. Feb. 3, 2025) (per curiam), the Second Circuit (Walker, Robinson, Merriam, JJ.) held that 18 U.S.C. § 1546(a) (“Fraud and misuse of visa, permits and other documents”) prohibits the possession of authentic immigration documents that have been obtained by fraud, not just the possession … Read more