Archive | due process

Sunday, September 28th, 2008

Commitment Issues

United States v. Magassouba, No. 06-2628-cr (2d Cir. September 19, 2008) (Parker, Raggi, Wesley, CJJ)

Defendant Magassouba has been in custody since at least August of 2003, when he was ordered detained on heroin trafficking charge that carried a ten-year mandatory minimum sentence. Between approximately January of 2004 and May of 2005 he was subject to various competency evaluations, all of which concluded that he was not competent to stand trial, but that he could be restored to competency through appropriate medication. Since Magassouba refused to take any medication, his evaluators recommended that he be medicated involuntarily.

Although the competency evaluations themselves ended in May of 2005, the district court’s final order in the matter, and subject of this appeal, was not entered until May of 2006. In that order, the court directed that Magassouba be re-hospitalized for continued treatment, and that he be forcibly mediated.

Magassouba raised a host …


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Categories: comptency, due process, Uncategorized

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Wednesday, May 28th, 2008

Deficiency Expert

United States v. Ellett, No. 07-3682-cr (2d Cir. May 23, 2008) (per curiam)

James Ellett was a tax protester, who stopped paying his federal income tax after reading a book called “Vultures in Eagle’s Clothing,” which purported to describe a lawful way of avoiding taxes. He claimed to have read the book more than 100 times, and spent additional hours studying the subject in a law library. Between 2000 and 2004, Ellett failed to pay more than $64,000 in federal income tax based on his belief that, as a “citizen” of New York State who worked for a private employer, he was not subject to taxation.

At trial, his defense was a lack of willfulness, which the jury rejected. On appeal, he argued that due process required that he be given an opportunity to litigate his position within the tax system before being prosecuted for tax evasion. Under this theory, …


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Categories: due process, tax evasion, Uncategorized

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Monday, May 5th, 2008

Impact Victim

United States v. Eberhard, No. 05-3431-cr (2d Cir. May 5, 2008) (Jacobs, Calabresi, Sack, CJJ)

Todd Eberhard, a former stock broker, pled guilty to various fraud charges. Under his plea agreement, the stipulated guideline range was 97 to 121 months’ imprisonment. The presentence report added a 4-level aggravating role enhancement, but then recommended a below-guidelines 96-month sentence. Judge Sweet issued a pre-sentencing opinion indicating that he would impose a 151-month sentence. But, at sentencing, after hearing from victims, who asserted their right to address the court under 18 U.S.C. § 3771(a) (2004), which was enacted after Eberhard pled guilty, the judge imposed a 160-month sentence.

The circuit affirmed the sentence. First, it rejected an ex post facto challenge to the application of § 3771(a). District courts have always had the discretion to consider victim statements, and there is nothing about the new legislation – which requires district courts to hear …


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Categories: due process, ex post facto, Uncategorized, victim impact

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